Persian poetry has its roots in ancient linguistic and narrative traditions, including Avestan and Sassanian eras, and reached its structural and thematic peak with the emergence of “New Persian” in the 9th and 10th centuries CE. Rudaki is recognized as the father of modern Persian poetry, while Ferdowsi, through the Shahnameh, solidified the literary and historical identity of the Persian language. Epic and narrative poetry (like that of Nezami), along with ghazals and mystical works by Rumi, Hafez, Saadi, and Omar Khayyam, brought Persian poetry to its full artistic maturity.
